Local Community Perspectives on the Role of Institutional Stakeholders in Advancing Forest Landscape Restoration in Ghana.

The study explored community views on the roles of various institutional actors in promoting forest landscape restoration in Ghana. Using mixed methods, data were gathered from 417 households in the Kakum Conservation Area through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions involving representatives from the Forestry Commission (FC), the Cocoa Board (COCOBOD), licensed buying companies (LBCs), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and traditional authorities. Results show that NGOs are viewed as the most effective due to their community engagement, responsiveness, and empowerment efforts. Meanwhile, the FC, COCOBOD, and LBCs received lower ratings due to limited interaction and perceived inefficiencies. Traditional authorities are vital in mobilizing communities, enforcing cultural conservation, and safeguarding forest resources, highlighting the significance of informal governance. Factors such as demographics, visibility, engagement frequency, past performance, and credibility shape community perceptions of these institutions. Additionally, 98% of respondents noted weak or nonexistent coordination among institutions, often due to conflicting goals and competition, especially between NGOs and LBCs. The study emphasizes that integrating traditional and formal governance systems is essential for sustainable restoration. Strengthening institutional collaboration can enhance restoration outcomes, but state institutions should remain central, with activities tailored to local needs.