ArticleResearch and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis2026
Inflammation, anemia, and vitamin D levels associate with infant thrombocytosis risk.
Article in Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Thrombocytosis (>500 × 10 Objectives: To define thrombocytosis and EXT rates, etiologies, and sequelae among infants hospitalized in tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to assist clinical decision making and determine factors that associate with thrombocytosis risk in preterm and full-term patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of thrombocytosis and EXT cases among 20,818 infants hospitalized in 2 tertiary NICUs from 2011 to 2023, compared to 10,323 patients hospitalized at a quaternary NICU. Results: Our results revealed thrombocytosis in 3% of all patients (8% of preterm infants). Both estimates were significantly lower than the incidence of thrombocytosis in quaternary NICU patients (20%). EXT was also reduced in our tertiary unit (0.08% vs 0.5% in quaternary NICU). Thrombocytosis was associated with leukocytosis and relative anemia, but not with thrombotic or bleeding complications. Thyroid hormone, liver-derived thrombopoietin, and vitamin D deficiency can drive thrombocytosis in adults. Vitamin D level, but not thyroid hormone or liver function, was inversely correlated with platelet count among infants with thrombocytosis. Conclusions: Inflammation, anemia, and vitamin D level correlate with infant thrombocytosis and EXT. Liver and thyroid immaturity do not appear to impact thrombocytosis risk. There were no thrombotic complications associated with EXT. These results provide important context for interpreting the origins and appropriate clinical responses to thrombocytosis in preterm infants.
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