ArticleJournal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
Microbial and Mycotoxin Contamination in Packaged and Unpackaged Smokeless Tobacco and Non-tobacco Chewing Products in India.
Article in Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) and non-tobacco chewable products such as Gutka, Khaini, and Pan Masalas are widely consumed in India but are rarely assessed for microbial safety, despite the presence of toxin-producing microorganisms that may increase carcinogenic risk. The study was aimed to investigate bacterial and fungal contamination and quantify aflatoxin B Methods: Cross-sectional laboratory-based study analyzing SLT and non-tobacco products collected from North, South, West, and East India. Fourteen samples, including Gutka, Khaini, Pan Masalas, Loose Tobacco, and Areca Nut mixes, were assessed. Bacillus spp. were identified using HiCrome™ Bacillus Agar and API 50CHB/E profiling. Fungal contaminants were characterized by colony morphology and lactophenol cotton blue microscopy. AFB Results: Conclusion: Both SLT and non-tobacco chewable products harbor microbial and aflatoxin hazards, challenging assumptions about the safety of non-tobacco products. These findings highlight the need for product-specific microbial and mycotoxin regulations under FSSAI regulations, along with market surveillance and public awareness initiatives.
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