ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Effects of forest bathing versus indoor gym exercise on exercise-related boredom: a randomized crossover trial with repeated measures.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Exercise boredom is a pervasive barrier to physical activity adherence; however, no study has examined it as a primary outcome using a multidimensional boredom measure with temporal tracking across exercise settings. This study compared forest bathing and indoor gym exercise on exercise-related boredom, affective responses, perceived restorativeness, and adherence intention. Design: This is a randomized, counterbalanced crossover trial with repeated measures at four time points. Methods: A total of 34 healthy university students (21 male and 13 female students; mean age = 21.3 years) completed two intensity-matched, 30-min walking sessions (forest-path and indoor treadmill conditions) in a counterbalanced order, separated by a washout period of 7- to 10-days between them. The primary outcome was exercise boredom, assessed using an 8-item adapted Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS; Cronbach's Results: A significant condition × time interaction emerged for boredom [ Conclusion: Exercise boredom is not merely an individual disposition but a context-sensitive response that is environmentally modifiable. Nature-based exercise warrants further investigation as a strategy for sustaining physical activity engagement.
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