Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42253282›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Long-term Sequelae Associated With Severe West Nile Virus Disease in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2021.

Anna C Fagre, Kathryn G Burr, Cedar L Mitchell, Mark J Delorey, Melissa Kretschmer, Karen Zabel, O'Zandra Floyd, Renate Schlaht, Austin Earley, Olivia Studebaker and 20 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Anna C FagreEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-5078
Kathryn G BurrEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Cedar L MitchellEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Mark J DeloreyDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Melissa KretschmerMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1453-2600
Karen ZabelMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
O'Zandra FloydMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Renate SchlahtDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Austin EarleyDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Olivia StudebakerDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Jennifer LehmanDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-208X
Julie M ThompsonDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Madison MeyerMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Olivia HunzikerMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Meghan SchindlerMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Zoha AhmedMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Bernny E ApodacaMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Joshua SagerMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Rechelle HarrionMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Sydney N AdamsDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Nicole FoleyDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-1570
Johanna Gleason-VergadosDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Shelby LyonsDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Brian F BorahEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
R Nicholas StaabMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Irene RubertoArizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Rebecca SunenshineMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
J Erin StaplesDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Carolyn V GouldDivision of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Ariella P DaleMaricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-919X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: West Nile virus (WNV)-specific long-term sequelae (LTS) are not well-defined. We assessed LTS in patients hospitalized with WNV disease and compared their outcomes to an age- and sex-matched cohort of patients hospitalized with other infectious diseases. Methods: A total of 159 patients with WNV disease and 75 patients with predominantly COVID-19 and coccidioidomycosis completed standardized assessment tools (modified Rankin Scale, modified Control and Prevention Symptom Inventory Checklist, and 36-Item Short Form Survey) 17-24 months after hospitalization. Results: Among patients with WNV, 40% were transferred to long-term care facilities, and 83% experienced ongoing symptoms, including fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, pain, and problems with sleep, memory, and concentration. Overall, 33% reported disabilities and 55% reported worse health than before illness. The hospitalized infectious disease comparators reported similar LTS but had worse adjusted physical composite scores and a higher proportion reporting poor or fair health. Conclusions: Long-term sequelae in patients hospitalized with WNV were common up to 2 years after hospitalization, but similar findings to comparators suggest there might be common inflammatory or other physiologic pathways leading to post infectious sequelae or outcomes related to hospitalization. Providers caring for patients hospitalized with WNV should make patients and caregivers aware of the prolonged and possible incomplete recovery process.

Indexed as

long-term sequelaeneuroinvasive diseaseWest Nile virus

Identifiers

PMID42253282
PMCPMC13234615

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.