Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42253180›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of cancer2026

Variant-Specific Landscape of Mutual Exclusivity Among BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS Oncogenes Reveals Overlap With Functionally Antagonistic Mutant Pairs.

Freya Vaeyens, Jan-Patrick Hetzel, Khaldoon Abdullah, Carolien Eggermont, Catharina Olsen, Marco Mernberger, Ken Maes, Jelle Vlaeminck, Rainer Claus, Dries Vanisterbecq and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Freya VaeyensVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Jan-Patrick HetzelInstitute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
Khaldoon AbdullahInstitute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
Carolien EggermontLaboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Catharina OlsenVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Marco MernbergerInstitute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
Ken MaesVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Jelle VlaeminckVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Rainer ClausBavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Augsburg, Germany; Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-8766
Dries VanisterbecqVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Frederik HesVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Martin PichlerMedical Private University Burgenland (MPUB), Pinkafeld, Austria.
Philippe GironVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research Group Genetics, Reproduction and Development (GRAD), Centre for Medical Genetics, Brussels, Belgium.
Oleg TimofeevInstitute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
Maxim NoeparastInstitute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3216-5630

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 161L0279ADeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Ti1028/2-1Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 12Y0120NUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselWetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mutual exclusivity (ME) and co-occurrence (CO) of oncogenic mutations reflect functional antagonism or dependence and may inform therapeutic strategies. However, most studies overlook variant-level patterns. We performed a comprehensive, cross-cohort analysis of BRAF, KRAS, and EGFR mutation subtypes using 64,807 cBioPortal tumor samples, 1570 cancer cell lines, and 2714 Belgian clinical cases. Across all datasets, CO was rare among class I BRAF, hydrolysis KRAS, and classical-like EGFR mutations. Pairwise variant-level analyses revealed novel ME interactions, including atypical variants, some overlapping with previously reported synthetically lethal pairs. We functionally validated the ME findings by inducing the expression of EGFR

Indexed as

MutationNeoplasmsProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Cell Line, TumorErbB ReceptorsHumansPrognosisBRAF protein, humanEGFR protein, humanErbB ReceptorsKRAS protein, humanProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)cancer geneticscolorectal cancerfunctional genomicslung cancermutual exclusivity and functional antagonism

Identifiers

PMID42253180
PMCPMC13432369

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.