ArticleAnnals of African medicine2026
Unclassified Neuronal Antibodies in Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases.
Article in Annals of African medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
abstractAutoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an important and potentially reversible cause of subacute cognitive and neurological decline. A significant proportion of patients remain seronegative for known neuronal antibodies or harbor unclassified antibodies, posing diagnostic challenges. We report two cases of suspected AE associated with unclassified neuronal antibodies. The first case involved a 42-year-old male presenting with focal seizures followed by rapidly progressive cognitive decline, mutism, and spasticity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal cortical-subcortical T2-FLAIR hyperintensities, while cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and conventional autoimmune and paraneoplastic antibody panels were noncontributory. The second case was a 70-year-old male with insidious cognitive decline, Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, and fluctuating cognition. Neuroimaging was unremarkable, and CSF showed elevated protein with lymphocytic predominance. In both cases, serum testing demonstrated unclassified neuronal antibodies. Both patients received immunomodulatory therapy including high-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, and plasmapheresis, resulting in clinical stabilization and cognitive improvement. These cases emphasize the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis in patients presenting with gradually worsening cognitive and neurological symptoms, despite negative routine antibody panels. Early clinical suspicion and prompt immunotherapy are crucial for improved outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.