Trial reportBrain and behavior2026
The Effectiveness of a Structured Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Beliefs, and Self-Reported Practices of Pregnant Women Exposed to Thirdhand Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThirdhand smoke (THS) is a persistent environmental toxin that poses significant health risks, especially to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and their fetuses. Effective interventions to enhance knowledge, modify beliefs, and improve protective practices are crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured, multi-component educational intervention on knowledge, beliefs, and self-reported practices related to THS among pregnant women.
methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 pregnant women in their second or third trimester, recruited from comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 50) or a control group (n = 50). The intervention group received a multi-faceted educational program consisting of four face-to-face group sessions, one spousal session, educational pamphlets, and reinforcement messages via a social media group. The control group received routine prenatal care. Data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing knowledge (11 items), beliefs (using the Beliefs About Thirdhand Smoke-BATHS scale, 9 items), and self-reported practices (9 items) at baseline and two months post-intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS v.23.
resultsThe intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in mean scores of knowledge (from 13.30 ± 2.68 to 21.52 ± 5.23, p < 0.001), beliefs (from 25.60 ± 8.12 to 38.46 ± 4.01, p < 0.001), and self-reported practices (from 10.50 ± 1.50 to 13.52 ± 2.10, p < 0.001) after the intervention. No significant changes were observed in the control group. ANCOVA results, while controlling for baseline scores, confirmed a statistically significant effect of the intervention on post-intervention scores for knowledge (F = 179.61, p < 0.001), beliefs (F = 77.52, p < 0.001), and practices (F = 54.14, p < 0.001).
conclusionA structured, theory-based educational intervention significantly improved knowledge, beliefs, and self-reported protective practices concerning THS among pregnant women. Integrating such comprehensive programs into routine prenatal care is strongly recommended to mitigate THS exposure risks and promote maternal and fetal health.
trial registrationThis randomized controlled trial was prospectively registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) on 25/04/2025, prior to participant recruitment (Identifier: IRCT20250105064282N1). https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/81695.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.