Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42252901›Full record

ArticleOccupational therapy international2026

Fundamental Motor Skills in Children With Specific Learning Disorder.

Ming-Chih Sung, Chien-Yu Pan, Wen-Fan Chen, Chia-Liang Tsai, Ting-Yi Lu, Chu-Yang Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Occupational therapy international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ming-Chih SungSchool of Kinesiology, Rongxiang Xu College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA, calstate.edu.
Chien-Yu PanDepartment of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, nknu.edu.tw.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-5350
Wen-Fan ChenInstitute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, nsysu.edu.tw.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-3875
Chia-Liang TsaiInstitute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, ncku.edu.tw.
Ting-Yi LuDepartment of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, nknu.edu.tw.
Chu-Yang HuangInstitute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, nsysu.edu.tw.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4209-3881

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeThis study investigated fundamental motor skills in children with specific learning disorder (SLD) compared with their typically developing (TD) peers, focusing on individual skill mastery and performance patterns across diagnostic subtypes.

methodsA total of 90 children (45 SLD and 45 TD) aged 8-11 years participated. Fundamental motor skills were assessed using the process-oriented Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2).

resultsResults demonstrated that children with SLD exhibited significantly lower motor skills proficiency than TD peers, with significantly lower scores found across most locomotor (running, galloping, hopping, jumping, and sliding) and object control (batting, catching, throwing, and rolling) skills. The SLD group was significantly less likely to demonstrate mature movement patterns in 9 out of 12 skills, and the majority of children with SLD were categorized in the "Poor" or "Below average" performance ranges, underscoring a critical qualitative deficit in motor execution. However, no significant differences in gross motor performance were observed among the SLD subtypes (dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysorthographia, and mixed).

conclusionThese findings highlight a pervasive fundamental motor skills deficit that warrants routine motor assessment for children with SLD to inform targeted, process-oriented interventions aimed at mitigating long-term developmental risks.

Indexed as

Motor SkillsMotor Skills DisordersSpecific Learning DisorderChildFemaleHumansMalelearning disabilitylocomotor skillsmotor competenceobject control skillsTGMD-2

Identifiers

PMID42252901
PMCPMC13244066

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.