ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
The Swedish version of the Athletic Fear Avoidance Questionnaire: a psychometric study conducted among amateur male and female soccer players.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGiven the established merits and psychometric properties of the Athletic Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ), the present study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the tool for use in a Swedish context.
methodsWe included 95 amateur soccer players (male n = 31, female n = 64) from a convenience sample of eight soccer teams, who reported a sports injury within the past 12 months and were older than 15 years (mean 22, SD ± 6). They answered web-based surveys (SurveyMonkey©), including the AFAQ and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). Construct validity of the AFAQ was evaluated relative to the TSK, using Spearman's Rho. Reliability was assessed in a subset of participants (n = 53) with a test-retest evaluation of the individual items (Kappa
resultsThe cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the AFAQ was considered sound. The AFAQ-Swe showed a strong correlation with the TSK (r = 0.82), in line with the predefined hypothesis. The test-retest results demonstrated good-to-substantial reliability for the individual items (Kappa
conclusionsThe AFAQ-Swe demonstrates good measurement properties, with strong reliability and validity. The AFAQ-Swe is a concise, user-friendly tool that can be effectively utilised in the Swedish context, particularly among soccer players. However, further research is necessary to evaluate AFAQ's predictive validity for a safe return to sports.
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