Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42252420›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

From soil to spikelet: the integrated impact of Aerobic and Water-Controlled Irrigation (AWCI) on rice growth under deficit irrigation.

Wenping Zhang, Jiangyuan Zhang, Feiyu Peng, Zhuying Liu, Xin Liu, Weihua Xiao, Deyong Hu, Tongcheng Luo, Xinyi Su, Shuhan Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Wenping ZhangCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China. zhangwenping_hunau@hunau.edu.cn.
Jiangyuan ZhangCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Feiyu PengCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Zhuying LiuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological Electromechanical Vocational Technical College, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Xin LiuCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Weihua XiaoCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Deyong HuCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Tongcheng LuoCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Xinyi SuCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Shuhan ZhangCollege of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.
Genyi WuCollege of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, P.R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The intricate interplay among soil physicochemical properties, root physiological traits, and flowering gene expression fundamentally influences rice reproductive success and grain yield. This study elucidates the effects of the Aerobic and water-controlled irrigation (AWCI) method on rhizosphere soil parameters, root biochemical responses, pollen viability, and temporal expression of the circadian-related flowering gene OsFKF1 during the heading and flowering stage, illuminating their integrated impact on rice productivity. Application of the AWCI regime modulated soil pH and nitrogen dynamics at critical growth intervals, enhanced rhizosphere oxygen availability, and shifted redox potential, thereby contributing to nutrient bioavailability. Simultaneously, AWCI treatment influenced root antioxidant enzyme activities-including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)-as well as abscisic acid (ABA) and MDA concentrations, which positively correlated with elevated pollen viability and upregulated OsFKF1 expression. Multivariate analyses identified key determinants of yield enhancement, notably augmented root surface area during the jointing-booting phase, balanced soil nitrogen content, and finely regulated oxidative stress markers at the mid-tillering stage. Hierarchical clustering robustly designated the T3 treatment as a promising candidate AWCI protocol for maximizing reproductive performance and grain yield. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal nexus among irrigation management, soil biochemical milieu, root physiology, and floral gene regulation in modulating rice yield, offering a theoretical foundation for precision water management strategies tailored to sustainable productivity enhancement. Future research should extend to encompass additional flowering-related genes and a broader spectrum of rice cultivars to generalize these mechanistic insights under multiple abiotic stresses, including heat and drought combination.

Indexed as

Agricultural IrrigationOryzaGene Expression Regulation, PlantPlant ProteinsPlant RootsRhizosphereSoilWaterPlant ProteinsSoilWaterAWCI methodGrain yieldOsFKF1 gene expressionRhizosphere soil physicochemical propertiesRoot antioxidant enzymes

Identifiers

PMID42252420
PMCPMC13465074

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.