Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42252411›Full record

ArticleBMC genomics2026

Horizontal gene transfer is widespread in diverse eukaryotes.

Kun Li, Fazhe Yan, Ziyao Feng, Pingping Zhang, Zhongqu Duan, Qingqiu Gong, David L Adelson, Chaochun Wei

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Origins of GPCRs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kun Li *School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Fazhe Yan *School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Ziyao FengSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Pingping ZhangSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Zhongqu DuanSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Qingqiu GongSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. gongqingqiu@sjtu.edu.cn.
David L AdelsonSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. david.adelson@adelaide.edu.au.
Chaochun WeiSchool of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. ccwei@sjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

Computational Biology Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 24JS2840300, 23JS1400800National key R&D program 2023YFF1001600National Natural Science Foundation of China 32170643Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality 22ZR1433600
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transfer of genetic material between distantly related organisms. Although HGT is a pervasive mechanism of genetic exchange among prokaryotes, gene transfer events involving eukaryotes are generally considered rare and restricted to a small number of lineages. Here we report genome-wide identification of HGT regions (HGTs) in 10 eukaryotes, including human, mouse, cow, lizard, frog, zebrafish, fruit fly, nematode, Arabidopsis and yeast. By comparing their genomes with thousands of eukaryote, bacteria and virus genomes, we found between 10 and 237 non-redundant HGTs per eukaryote species. Third-generation sequencing across most of the 10 analyzed genomes, combined with targeted PCR in Arabidopsis thaliana, was applied to validate the result HGTs and exclude contamination. Genes impacted by HGTs are enriched in transmembrane transport. Some HGTs have duplicated extensively within the host genome, affecting hundreds, even thousands of genes. Our findings reveal that HGT is ubiquitous in all diverse eukaryotes analyzed here, and it is a non-negligible, previously underappreciated contributor to genome evolution for eukaryotes.

Indexed as

EukaryotaGene Transfer, HorizontalAnimalsCattleEvolution, MolecularGenomeGenomicsHumansMicePhylogenyComparative genomicsEukaryotesHorizontal gene transferSequence composition bias

Identifiers

PMID42252411
PMCPMC13465657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.