Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42252408›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Comparative metabolomics of resistant and susceptible pecan leaflets uncovers early defense responses to scab infection.

Min Jeong Kang, Samuel O Ogundipe, Gaurab Bhattarai, Ronald B Pegg, William L Kerr, M Lenny Wells, Patrick J Conner, Joon Hyuk Suh

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Min Jeong KangDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Samuel O OgundipeDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Gaurab BhattaraiDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
Ronald B PeggDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
William L KerrDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
M Lenny WellsDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.
Patrick J ConnerDepartment of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.
Joon Hyuk SuhDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. J.Suh@uga.edu.

Funding

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), United States AM22SCBPGA1154-00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPecan scab (Venturia effusa) is a devastating fungal disease affecting commercial pecan production. Developing resistant cultivars remains the most sustainable strategy, but this has been hindered by limited mechanistic understanding of resistance and the presence of diverse pathogen pathotypes. Current resistance phenotyping methods rely on microscopic assessments, which are labor-intensive and prone to inconsistency due to sample preparation and interpretation variability.

methodsA pathway-based metabolomics approach combined with machine learning was employed to identify early biomarkers of resistance in pecan. Metabolite profiles were obtained from the pecan cultivar 'Desirable' in response to the virulent scab isolate De-Tif-11 (susceptible reaction) and the avirulent scab isolate Pa-OK-11 (resistant reaction) from 0 to 7 days post inoculation (DPI). Logistic regression with L

resultsThree major defense mechanisms were identified that differentiate scab-resistant from susceptible reactions. In the resistant reaction, salicylic acid and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A were rapidly upregulated at 1-2 DPI, prioritizing immune activation over energy metabolism. Once defense signaling was initiated, the resistant reaction shifted towards biochemical defense by accumulating flavonoids at 3-4 DPI, reinforcing pathogen restriction. The susceptible reaction exhibited delayed and ineffective defense responses throughout the infection period.

conclusionsThese results reveal early functional shifts in hormone signaling and secondary metabolism that differentiate resistant from susceptible reactions. The identified biomarkers may serve as robust indicators of resistance and facilitate accurate, early-stage screening in pecan breeding programs.

Indexed as

AscomycotaCaryaDisease ResistancePlant DiseasesBiomarkersMetabolomicsPlant LeavesBiomarkersEarly biomarkersMachine learningPathway-based metabolomicsPecan scabPlant-pathogen interactionResistance

Identifiers

PMID42252408
PMCPMC13465376

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.