ArticleScientific reports2026
Optical vortex transfer and dispersion-controlled light propagation in an Er³⁺: YAG three-level quantum system.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
We investigate coherent orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) transfer and dispersion-controlled light propagation in a ladder-type Er³⁺: YAG three-level system. Using the density-matrix formalism and coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations, we derive analytical expressions for the probe and generated beams that explicitly incorporate Er³⁺-ion concentration. We show that an incident vortex-carrying probe beam transfers its OAM to a generated signal beam through a concentration-dependent sum-frequency nonlinear process, with complete phase and topological-charge preservation. By analyzing conversion efficiency, spatial phase, and intensity distributions, we identify an optimal Er³⁺ concentration (3%) that maximizes vortex-transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the absorption and dispersion spectra of the probe and generated beams reveal the mechanism underpinning the vortex transfer and indicate the potential for concentration-selectable transitions between fast and slow propagation regimes. These results establish Er³⁺: YAG as a viable solid-state platform for coherent manipulation of structured light, enabling efficient vortex-beam frequency conversion and dispersion engineering, with potential relevance to classical and quantum OAM-based communication protocols, wavelength-compatible OAM interfaces, and slow-light photonic signal processing.
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