Trial reportBMC public health2026
Effectiveness of breastfeeding educational interventions during pregnancy on breastfeeding practices in rural Central Ethiopia: cluster randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06236412 (Effects of Breastfeeding Education Interventions During Pregnancy on Breastfeeding Practices in Rural South Ethiopia), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Effects of Breastfeeding Education Interventions During Pregnancy on Breastfeeding Practices in Rural South Ethiopia
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9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite its well-established benefits, breastfeeding practices differ across communities, and many women exhibit suboptimal practices due to cultural influences and limited access to accurate information. Nulliparous pregnant women, in particular, lack prior breastfeeding experience and are often strongly influenced by family members such as mothers-in-law. However, there is limited evidence on whether involving these influential family members in breastfeeding education can improve breastfeeding practices. This study evaluated the effectiveness of breastfeeding educational interventions delivered to pregnant women together with their mothers-in-law, and pregnant women alone versus pregnant women in routine care in rural Central Ethiopia.
methodsA community-based, three-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 510 pregnant women enrolled before 16 weeks of gestation. The study arms were: (1) pregnant woman with her mother-in-law, (2) pregnant woman alone, and (3) control group receiving routine care. Fifty-one non-adjacent clusters were randomly assigned using simple randomization. The intervention consisted of eight home-based educational sessions: six during pregnancy and two postpartum. Outcomes included pre-lacteal feeding, colostrum feeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding.
resultsIn the intervention groups (pregnant women and their mother-in-law paired, and pregnant women alone) there were significantly lower incidence of pre-lacteal feeding than pregnant women in the control group (9.1% and 11.4% vs. 19.8%, p = 0.011), and a higher incidence of colostrum feeding (92.7% and 90.4% vs. 81.4%, p = 0.004), early initiation of breastfeeding (80.4% and 72.5% vs. 53.3%, p < 0.001) and exclusive breastfeeding (80.9% and 74.3% vs. 59.9%, p < 0.001). Breastfeeding in both intervention groups have significant effect on breastfeeding practices; avoiding pre-lacteal feeding [RR = 2.17, 95%CI: (1.19, 3.85) and RR = 1.79(1.06, 2.86)], colostrum feeding [RR = 1.14(1.01, 1.29) and RR = 1.11(1.01, 1.23)], early initiation of breastfeeding [RR = 1.51(1.14, 1.99) and RR = 1.36(1.02, 1.82)], and exclusive breastfeeding [RR = 2.08(1.43, 3.03) and RR = 1.56(1.05, 2.33)] as compared to the control group.
conclusionInvolving mothers-in-law in breastfeeding educational interventions in addition to active interventions to pregnant women alone has broader practical implication for improving recommended breastfeeding practices.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT06236412, January 23, 2024.
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