ReviewClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
HPV-related cancer prevention in Spain: progress and remaining challenges in vaccination, screening, and surveillance.
Review in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary causal factor for most cervical cancers and contributes to several other HPV-related malignancies. The nonavalent HPV vaccine targets the most prevalent oncogenic genotypes and has the potential to prevent up to 90% of HPV-attributable cancers. However, cervical cancer screening remains essential, as vaccination does not cover all oncogenic HPV genotypes, does not treat established HPV infection, and cannot prevent disease in individuals after HPV exposure. Available Spanish data do not yet show a clear sustained decline in HPV-related cancers comparable to that reported in some other high-income countries. This narrative review examines HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening, and the burden of HPV-related cancers in Spain, with a focus on implementation gaps, surveillance limitations, and opportunities for improvement. Strengthening vaccination coverage, population-based screening, follow-up after abnormal results, and national data integration will be essential to accelerate progress toward cervical cancer elimination.
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