ArticleFolia microbiologica2026
Carboxymethylated β-glucan from Pichia kudriavzevii M16: structural characterization and multifunctional bioactivity.
Article in Folia microbiologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In this study, β-glucan (β-gluM16) was obtained from the cell wall of the probiotic yeast strain Pichia kudriavzevii M16 and chemically altered through carboxymethylation (CMβ-gluM16) to improve its solubility in water. Using gel permeation chromatography, the molecular weight of CMβ-gluM16 was found to be 232 kDa. Structural modification was confirmed by FTIR, with shifts linked to carboxymethyl functional groups. The 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion scavenging assays were used to measure antioxidant activity. DPPH activity reached 96% at 100 mg/mL, while hydroxyl radical scavenging reached 69.65% at the same concentration. At 100 mg/mL, the superoxide anion scavenging gradually reached 76%. CMβ-gluM16 effectively reduced biofilm formation in all tested pathogens. The strongest inhibition was observed for Escherichia coli (80% at 1 mg/mL), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71% at 0.5 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (67% at 10 mg/mL), depending on the applied concentration. Cytotoxicity tests showed that L929 fibroblast cells stayed alive at 500 µg/mL after 36 h (≥ 64% viability), demonstrating a nontoxic effect. However, at the same concentration and hour, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell viability decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reaching 60%. CMβ-gluM16 enhanced the adhesion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP1 to intestinal epithelial cells and increased adhesion from 83% (probiotic alone) to 92% (synbiotic application) at 500 mg/mL. Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) were assessed for immunomodulatory activity; these levels changed with dose and application time. IL-1β ranged from 1341 to 3371 pg/mL, IL-6 from 169 to 280 pg/mL, IL-10 from 220 to 859 pg/mL, and TNF-α from 126 to 263 pg/mL across the tested conditions. This study is a preliminary investigation into the potential biotechnological applications of CMβ-gluM16, indicating its promise for further research.
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