Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42249997›Full record

ArticleBioprocess and biosystems engineering2026

Enzymatic hydrolysis of Chlorella sorokiniana biomass using fungal enzyme mixtures: screening, optimization, and proteomic analysis for enhanced microalgal biomass valorization.

Timo Dräger, Annika Krimmel, Felix Melcher, Michael Paper, Melania Pilz, Daniel Garbe, Norbert Mehlmer, Corinna Dawid, Thomas Brück

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Timo DrägerWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Annika KrimmelWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Felix MelcherWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Michael PaperWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Melania PilzWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Daniel GarbeWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Norbert MehlmerWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany. norbert.mehlmer@tum.de.
Corinna DawidChair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany. corinna.dawid@tum.de.
Thomas BrückWerner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany. brueck@tum.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The sustainable production of microalgal biomass for food and feed applications requires efficient downstream processing methods, particularly for the disruption of recalcitrant microalgal cell walls. This study aimed to develop an enzymatic hydrolysis method using fungal enzyme mixtures for effective degradation of the cell wall of the green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. Eight fungal strains were screened for their enzyme production and hydrolysis efficiency, with Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus niger, and Ceratocystis paradoxa showing the highest performance and selected for detailed analysis. A Design of Experiment approach optimized hydrolysis parameters, revealing that all enzyme mixtures showed maximal sugar release at 60 °C and an enzyme-to-biomass ratio of 5% (v/w). Among these, A. awamori enzyme mixtures exhibited the highest sugar-to-protein ratio, indicating superior catalytic efficiency. Proteomic analysis highlighted distinct enzymatic profiles between A. awamori and a commercial reference enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3), with A. awamori showing higher glucosidase, mannosidase, and chitinase activities, which correlated with enhanced hydrolysis of chitin-like polysaccharides in the microalgal cell wall. These findings suggest that enzyme mixtures tailored to the specific carbohydrate composition of microalgae, which combine cellulolytic, mannosidic, and chitinolytic activities, can enhance microalgal biomass hydrolysis efficiency. Such enzyme mixtures represent promising candidates for sustainable bioconversion and valorization of C. sorokiniana biomass in industrial bioprocesses.

Indexed as

AspergillusBiomassChlorellaFungal ProteinsMicroalgaeProteomicsCell WallHydrolysisFungal ProteinsAspergillus awamoriCell wall degradationChlorella sorokinianaEnzymatic hydrolysisMicroalgal biomass valorizationProteomics

Identifiers

PMID42249997
PMCPMC13582154

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.