ArticlePediatric radiology2026
Quantitative susceptibility mapping reveals abnormal iron reduction in deep gray matter of children with global developmental delay.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGlobal developmental delay is a common pediatric condition that affects multiple developmental domains. Emerging evidence suggests that iron deposition in the deep gray matter nuclei may play a critical role in neurodevelopmental processes. However, brain iron deposition in children with global developmental delay remains insufficiently characterized.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate abnormal brain iron deposition patterns on neuroimaging in children with global developmental delay, with the goal of facilitating early detection, timely diagnosis, and targeted intervention. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study enrolled 71 children with global developmental delay and 31 typically developing controls. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) data were acquired using a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner and post-processed on the MATLAB platform. Between-group comparisons of susceptibility values in the deep gray matter nuclei were performed, followed by correlation analyses between regional susceptibility values and Gesell Developmental Scale scores in the differentially affected brain regions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic performance of quantitative susceptibility mapping. The Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) method was applied, with significance set at corrected P<0.05.
resultsChildren in the global developmental delay group exhibited significantly lower magnetic susceptibility in the bilateral thalamus, substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus (all P<0.05). Susceptibility values of the bilateral dentate nucleus were positively correlated with gross motor and personal-social Gesell sub-scores (right dentate nucleus: r=0.41, P<0.001 and r=0.26, P=0.027; left dentate nucleus: r=0.36, P=0.002 and r=0.26, P=0.026). ROC analysis showed that the right dentate nucleus had the highest area under the curve (AUC=0.83).
conclusionChildren with global developmental delay demonstrate decreased magnetic susceptibility within the deep gray matter nuclei, which supports imaging-based inference of dysregulated brain iron metabolism, potentially reflecting underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopment.
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