ArticleSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2026
Longitudinal effects of inpatient music therapy dosage on pain intensity and opioid utilization among patients with hematologic or oncologic conditions: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeSeveral studies support the benefits of music therapy (MT) for improving symptoms within a single session among patients with hematologic/oncologic conditions, but none have examined real-world longitudinal impacts. This study evaluated whether there was a dose-response relationship between MT intervention exposure and longitudinal changes in pain intensity and opioid utilization.
methodsA retrospective electronic health record review was conducted of 283 hospital admissions among adult patients with hematologic/oncologic conditions who received MT and either reported pain ≥ 4/10 on the numeric rating scale (NRS) or received opioids in the first 48 h of admission. Longitudinal changes in pain intensity on the 0-10 NRS and log-transformed morphine milligram equivalents were modeled using linear mixed-effects models with natural splines for time since first MT intervention interacting with MT exposure group (1, 2, or ≥ 3 MT interventions). Models were adjusted for baseline values and length of stay.
resultsOf 283 hospital admissions, 122 (43.1%) included 1, 89 (31.4%) included 2, and 72 (25.4%) included ≥ 3 MT interventions. No meaningful MT exposure-by-time effects were found for pain intensity (p = .131) or opioid utilization per day (p = .118).
conclusionsAmong patients admitted with hematologic/oncologic conditions, greater MT exposure does not appear to reduce pain intensity or opioid exposure over time relative to receiving 1 MT intervention. Future evaluations of inpatient programs should consider collecting more robust data on outcomes that may be more sensitive to intervention (e.g., stress, anxiety) and increasing the MT dose to have a greater impact on outcomes over time.
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