Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42249075›Full record

ArticleCommunications medicine2026

Computational assessment of memory function in kidney transplant recipients and donors.

Thomas J Wilschut, Tim J Knobbe, Andrea Stocco, Holly Hake, Anna M Posthumus, Aaltje L Ziengs, TransplantLines Investigators, Hans Blokzijl, Kevin Damman, Vincent E de Meijer and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Thomas J Wilschut *Precision Cognition Labs, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Tim J Knobbe *Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3246-3192
Andrea StoccoPrecision Cognition Labs, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-3934
Holly HakePrecision Cognition Labs, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Anna M PosthumusDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6520-6830
Aaltje L ZiengsDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
TransplantLines Investigators
Hans BlokzijlDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Kevin DammanDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Vincent E de MeijerDepartment of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-5917
Martin H de BorstDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-8733
Anne M BuunkDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jacoba M SpikmanDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hedderik van RijnPrecision Cognition Labs, Groningen, The Netherlands. hedderik.van.rijn@precision-cognition.com.
Stephan J L BakkerDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-6791

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImpaired memory function is a frequent yet understudied symptom in kidney transplant recipients. In part, this knowledge gap reflects the lack of scalable, sensitive, and low-burden tools for quantifying memory function in large clinical populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate a brief, remote memory assessment and to examine memory function and its clinical correlates in kidney transplant recipients compared with healthy controls.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, we demonstrate a remote, minimally burdensome memory screener, the Seattle-Groningen Memory Assessment, which estimates a patient's speed of forgetting from paired-associate learning. Participants aged 22-86 years from a large transplant cohort completed an eight-minute online memory test. Memory performance was compared between kidney transplant recipients (n = 556) and kidney donors (n = 408). Associations with demographic, clinical, and physiological variables were examined using regression analyses.

resultsHere, we show that the memory score derived from an eight-minute session is a reliable and accurate measure of an individual's ability for long-term retention. Kidney transplant recipients show more forgetting than donors. Memory scores are sensitive to demographic factors, including age and education level, and are associated with self-reported sleep quality, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. On the physiological level, more forgetting in recipients is linked to higher monocyte, neutrophil, reticulocyte, and white blood cell counts, as well as lower ferritin and greater iron deficiency.

conclusionsThis work highlights the potential of computational memory assessment as a minimally burdensome and reliable tool for detecting cognitive impairment in complex clinical populations. Such tools may enable scalable monitoring of cognitive health and improve the detection of subtle cognitive changes relevant for disease progression and treatment evaluation.

Identifiers

PMID42249075
PMCPMC13562709

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.