Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42249071›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

Evidence for multiple past introgressions among chimpanzee subspecies during warming periods.

Alessandro Mondanaro, Marina Melchionna, Carmela Serio, Giorgia Girardi, Axel Timmermann, Elke Zeller, Silvia Castiglione, Alessia Di Costanzo, Linda Morvillo, Antonella Esposito and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Alessandro Mondanaro *DiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Marina Melchionna *DiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-4431
Carmela SerioDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Giorgia GirardiDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-0139
Axel TimmermannIBS Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-2969
Elke ZellerDepartment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-5882
Silvia CastiglioneDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6140-1495
Alessia Di CostanzoDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Linda MorvilloDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Antonella EspositoDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Alessandra de DuranteEnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche (Isernia), Italy.
Mirko Di FebbraroEnviXLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche (Isernia), Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-7046
Pasquale RaiaDiSTAR, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. pasquale.raia@unina.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-8006

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The evolutionary history of common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) subspecies is complex, marked by several past introgression events whose dating and location are unknown and are at odds with the current strong geographic segregation of the subspecies. We reconstruct the historical biogeography of common chimpanzee subspecies. Our findings reveal that cranial morphology reflects genetic differentiation, with the western chimpanzee being the most derived lineage. This is consistent with its current geographic isolation, which we find was punctuated by periods of potential contact with the other subspecies. These moments coincide with warming periods creating increased tree cover across the geographic barrier, the Dahomey Gap, currently separating western chimpanzee from the other subspecies. This integrative framework of a climate-mediated dynamical biogeography provides unprecedented insights into the dynamics of chimpanzee evolution, demonstrating how past climatic fluctuations and vegetation changes profoundly shaped the present-day distribution of Pan troglodytes subspecies along with their genetic differences.

Indexed as

Genetic IntrogressionPan troglodytesAnimalsPhylogenyPhylogeography

Identifiers

PMID42249071
PMCPMC13558573

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.