ReviewNature communications2026
Precision timekeeping with atomic clocks: evolution and future directions.
Review in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurate timekeeping is foundational to modern society, supporting critical technologies such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), high-frequency financial trading, synchronization of communication networks, and the realization of SI base units. Here we review the evolution of timekeeping, with a particular emphasis on atomic clocks and their applications. We describe key dissemination methods, including Network Time Protocol (NTP), Precision Time Protocol (PTP), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT). We further discuss emerging applications with stringent time-synchronization requirements, such as quantum communication and quantum computing. Finally, we discuss evolving trends in global timekeeping, including the redefinition of the SI second, lunar timekeeping, and the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) for predictive control and resilience in timekeeping systems.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.