SynthesisThe Laryngoscope2026
Olfactory Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Olfactory Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo elucidate the association between olfactory dysfunction (OD) and metabolic syndrome components. DATA SOURCES: PubMed (National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health), Scopus (Elsevier), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), and the Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases were searched from inception through March 23rd, 2026. REVIEW
methodsEligible studies were stratified by olfactory dysfunction or different metabolic parameters. Extracted variables included metabolic measures (BMI, waist circumference, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c), olfactory scores, and comorbidities. Data were summarized as means, proportions (%), and corresponding differences (Δ) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool.
resultsA total of 4045 studies were screened using Covidence, with 47 studies included for data analysis. Participants with OD demonstrated greater odds of smoking (OR = 1.2, p = 0.002), antihypertensive medication use (OR = 1.2, p = 0.03), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.7, p < 0.00001), heart failure (OR = 1.6, p = 0.008), and diabetes (OR = 1.2, p < 0.0001). Additionally, adults with OD had higher fasting glucose (MD +0.8 mg/dL; p < 0.00001), lower total cholesterol (MD -6.0 mg/dL; p = 0.04), and lower HDL levels (MD -1.8 mg/dL; p < 0.00001). Individuals with diabetes and elevated BMI had significantly lower TDI composite scores (MD -5.6; p < 0.00001 and MD -2.8; p < 0.00001, respectively).
conclusionPatients with OD showed increased rates of conditions that comprise and contribute to metabolic syndrome. Conversely, individuals with metabolic disorders exhibited lower mean scores on olfactory testing, indicating a bidirectional relationship between olfactory impairment and metabolic dysregulation.
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Registered trials
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