ArticleJournal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO2026
Development of the Surgical Implantation and Fixation of an Implanted Middle Ear Microphone, the "UmboMic," in Cadaveric Sheep.
Article in Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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- Erratum issued
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Abstract
purposeThe UmboMic is a recently developed middle ear microphone that functions by detecting the sound-induced motion of the umbo [1]. To prepare for a live animal study of the in vivo performance of the UmboMic, we developed the surgical implantation and fixation system in cadaveric sheep ears.
methodsTemporal bones from seven female sheep were prepared for implantation of the UmboMic system. Fixation hardware for sheep was designed to secure the UmboMic sensor in position so that the sensing tip contacted the umbo in the middle-ear cavity and the non-sensing tail end was secured to the surrounding mastoid bone. First, pre-surgical micro-CT scans of the temporal bones and open-source software were used to simulate surgical drilling, and to virtually plan and fit the UmboMic fixation system. Then, in physical sheep temporal bones, sound-induced umbo motion was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer as a preliminary step. After surgical implantation of the UmboMic system, the position of the UmboMic sensor was evaluated with microscopic visualization and post-surgical micro-CT. Implanted UmboMic sensor function in response to acoustic frequency sweeps to the external ear canal was measured in two specimens.
resultsMeasurements of sheep temporal bone anatomical dimensions with micro-CT showed that the facial recess featured a mean maximum height of 2.36 mm, length of 12.2 mm, and depth from outer opening surface of facial recess to the umbo of 11.1 mm. The amplitude of umbo motion prior to UmboMic implantation was consistent with that previously reported by [2], with a displacement of ~ 14 nm/Pa up to a frequency of 5.5 kHz, followed by a gradual drop-off. When bench tested and implanted in sheep temporal bones, the UmboMic sensitivity was as predicted from [1], ~ 1-2 fC/nm.
conclusionWhen implanted in sheep cadaveric ears, UmboMic performance was similar to previous measurements in fresh human cadaveric temporal bones. The method of simulating surgical drilling using micro-CT and simple open-source software is economical and broadly applicable in understanding the 3D biological anatomy and implantable device design and customization. The UmboMic implantation in cadaveric sheep ears was possible, and this study represents a step towards planned live animal studies.
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