Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42246981›Full record

ArticleSurgery today2026

Sex differences in the risk profiles for anastomotic leakage following surgery for rectal cancer.

Tatsunosuke Harada, Masakatsu Numata, Yosuke Atsumi, Toshiyuki Fukuda, Shota Izukawa, Suguru Nukada, Keisuke Kazama, Koji Numata, Teni Godai, Nobuhiro Sugano and 10 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Surgery today, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Tatsunosuke HaradaDepartment of Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan.
Masakatsu NumataGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan. numata@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0414-0046
Yosuke AtsumiDepartment of Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan.
Toshiyuki FukudaGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Shota IzukawaGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Suguru NukadaGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Keisuke KazamaDepartment of Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan.
Koji NumataGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Teni GodaiDepartment of Surgery, Fujisawa Shonandai Hospital, 2345, Takakura, Fujisawa City, 252-0802, Kanagawa, Japan.
Nobuhiro SuganoDepartment of Surgery, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, 9-11, Oiwake, Hiratsuka City, 254-8502, Kanagawa, Japan.
Hiroyuki MushiakeDepartment of Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohama Nanbu Hospital, 3-2-10, Konandai, Konan-ku, Yokohama City, 234-0054, Kanagawa, Japan.
Akio HiguchiDepartment of Surgery, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, 21-1, Mutsuurahigashi, Kawazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236- 0037, Kanagawa, Japan.
Yusuke KatayamaDepartment of Surgery, Hadano Red Cross Hospital, 1-1, Tatenodai, Hadano City, 257-0017, Kanagawa, Japan.
Yo MikayamaDepartment of Surgery, Ashigarakami Hospital, 866-1, Matsudasouryou, Ashigarakami-gun, Matsuda, Kanagawa, 258-0003, Japan.
Yusuke SuwaGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Mayumi OzawaGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Tsutomu SatoGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57, Urafune-town, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan.
Norio YukawaDepartment of Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan.
Aya SaitoDepartment of Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan.
Takaki YoshikawaGastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo clarify sex-specific differences in the risk profiles of anastomotic leakage (AL) after rectal cancer surgery, for which sex is widely recognized as an important risk factor.

methodsThis retrospective multicenter study included 1,854 patients (1,196 men and 658 women) who underwent rectal cancer surgery with anastomosis between 2015 and 2025 at our institution. Patients were stratified by sex, and risk factors for AL (grade ≥ B) were analyzed separately using logistic regression. Interaction analyses between sex and perioperative factors were also conducted.

resultsAL occurred more frequently in men than in women (9.9% vs. 4.1%, respectively). In sex-stratified multivariate analyses, an anastomotic site ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge and transanal tube placement were identified as independent risk factors for AL in men, whereas minimally invasive surgery and the use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging were associated with a reduced risk of AL. In women, a preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio ≥ 0.07 and operative period were independent risk factors for AL. A significant interaction was observed between sex and low anastomosis rates.

conclusionSex-specific differences in AL risk profiles have been suggested. Sex-specific risk assessment may contribute to more individualized strategies for diverting stoma decision-making.

Indexed as

Anastomotic LeakRectal NeoplasmsSex CharacteristicsAgedAnastomosis, SurgicalColorectal Surgical ProceduresC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSerum AlbuminSex FactorsC-Reactive ProteinSerum AlbuminAnastomotic leakageC-reactive protein-to-albumin ratioRectal cancerRisk factorSex differences

Identifiers

PMID42246981

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.