Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42246374›Full record

ArticleGut microbes2026

Deconfounded, quantitative microbiome profiling identifies robust multiple sclerosis markers and clinical covariate associations.

Ayla Pauwels, Lindsay Devolder, Gwen Falony, Miguel D'haeseleer, Guy Nagels, Ann Van Remoortel, Muriel Derrien, Marie D'hooghe, Jeroen Raes

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ayla PauwelsNeuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-7874-3168
Lindsay DevolderDepartment of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1945-5166
Gwen FalonyDepartment of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Miguel D'haeseleerNeuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-4378-0089
Guy NagelsDepartment of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-2597-0383
Ann Van RemoortelDepartment of Neurology, National Multiple Sclerosis Center, Melsbroek, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-1392-2891
Muriel DerrienDepartment of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-8841-9153
Marie D'hoogheNeuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-0917-4176
Jeroen RaesDepartment of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1337-041X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite a wealth of gut microbiota studies in multiple sclerosis (MS), consistent results are lacking. Here, we study confounder effects and use of quantitative microbiome profiling (QMP) in 228 MS patients (103 untreated) and 2860 population controls (Flemish Gut Flora Project (FGFP)). Total bacterial load was lower in relapsing remitting (RR)MS, while strong fecal moisture effects, indicative of longer transit times, in MS vs. FGFP, were driven by primary progressive (PP)MS. Applying cell count and moisture in deconfounded QMP, we identified 21 differentially abundant genera in MS, with a.o.

Indexed as

BacteriaGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMultiple SclerosisAdultBiomarkersFecesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersbacteroides 2glial fibrillary acidic proteinmicrobiomeMultiple sclerosisquantitative microbiome profiling

Identifiers

PMID42246374
PMCPMC13245062

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.