Decomposing cultural differences in behavior toward members of different social groups.

Jiashu Wang, Adrianna C Jenkins, Colin F Camerer, Ming Hsu, Jingjing Ma

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in PNAS nexus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jiashu WangDepartment of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-7653

Adrianna C JenkinsDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-2103

Colin F CamererDivision of Humanities and Social Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-1871

Ming HsuHaas School of Business and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-3579

Jingjing MaNational School of Development and Global Women's Leadership Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-7476

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-004139

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prosocial behavior is a hallmark of human societies, yet its expression-and the benefits it confers-varies across cultures. While such variation is well documented, the underlying cognitive mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we propose a decomposition of cultural differences in prosocial behavior into two key components: (i) social perception, capturing how cultural groups view others on dimensions of warmth and competence, and (ii) social valuation, reflecting how these perceptions influence the value of social actions. Using behavioral data from economic games involving participants in the United States and China (

Indexed as

cross-cultural differencesprosocial behaviorsocial perceptionsocial valuation

Identifiers

PMID42245822

DOI10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag172

PMCPMC13232739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.