ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Multiniche mycobiome profiling identifies distinctive fungal dysbiosis in common variable immunodeficiency.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with bacterial dysbiosis, particularly in patients with immune dysregulation, but the contribution of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) remains poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, multi-compartment study in 41 adults with CVID (24 with immune dysregulation, dCVID; 17 with infectious-only manifestations, iCVID) and 15 matched healthy controls. Saliva, sputum and stool samples were analyzed using ITS1 amplicon sequencing with amplicon sequence variant-based taxonomic assignment, followed by α/β-diversity analyses, multivariate modeling, differential abundance testing and machine learning approaches for biomarker identification. Results: Across all three niches, mycobiome composition differed significantly between CVID and controls, whereas dCVID and iCVID did not separate. Fungal richness and evenness were reduced in CVID, most prominently in respiratory and oral samples. ANCOM-BC revealed a reproducible " Conclusion: Together, these findings provide the first integrated view of mycobiome alterations across multiple ecological niches in CVID, highlighting consistent enrichment of opportunistic yeasts over commensals. The expansion of
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