SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Efficacy and safety of BCMA- or GPRC5D-directed CD3 bispecific antibodies in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials and real-world studies.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: BCMA- or GPRC5D-directed CD3 bispecific antibodies are important T-cell-redirecting therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We evaluated their efficacy, safety, and certainty of evidence. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 5, 2026. Prospective clinical trials and real-world studies of BCMA×CD3 or GPRC5D×CD3 bispecific antibodies in RRMM with extractable efficacy and safety data were included. Main efficacy outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), complete response or better (≥CR), very good partial response or better (≥VGPR), and overall response rate (ORR). Safety outcomes included cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), infection, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Single-arm proportional meta-analyses, sensitivity analyses, meta-regression, and subgroup analyses were performed using STATA/MP 18.0. Methodological quality and evidence certainty were assessed using MINORS and GRADE, respectively. Results: Fifteen studies, including 17 independently extractable cohorts and 1,900 patients, were analyzed. The pooled PFS was 8.76 months (95% CI, 6.82-11.13). The pooled rates of sCR, CR, ≥CR, ≥VGPR, and ORR were 28.7%, 18.1%, 38.2%, 51.0%, and 65.9%, respectively. The pooled incidences of CRS, ICANS, infection, grade ≥3 infection, neutropenia, and grade ≥3 neutropenia were 67.5%, 9.7%, 60.3%, 38.3%, 54.7%, and 42.6%, respectively. MINORS showed moderate-to-high methodological quality. GRADE showed low-to-very low certainty of evidence. Conclusion: BCMA- or GPRC5D-directed CD3 bispecific antibodies showed clinically meaningful antitumor activity in RRMM. However, current evidence is mainly from single-arm trials and retrospective real-world studies, and certainty of evidence remains low to very low. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, with particular attention to infection and neutropenia in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.