ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Is rumination only negative? Effects of belief in a just world on PTSD symptoms in firefighters: a moderated mediation model.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Belief in a just world (BJW) is correlated with an individual's psychological experience in the face of disaster. However, the association between BJW and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firefighters remains unclear. Moreover, the extent to which the association between BJW and PTSD is mediated by resilience and moderated by rumination has yet to be determined. This study investigated potential strategies for mitigating PTSD symptoms in firefighters from the cognitive perspective of belief and examined the relationship among BJW, resilience, PTSD symptoms, and rumination. Methods: A moderated mediation model, with resilience as a mediating variable and rumination as a moderating variable, was tested based on data from 2,156 firefighters. Results: BJW was significantly negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Resilience partially mediated the relationship between BJW and PTSD symptoms, and rumination moderated the relationship between BJW and PTSD symptoms. Of note, the association between BJW and PTSD symptoms was not significant in the low-rumination group, and the negative effect of BJW on PTSD symptoms was stronger in the high-rumination group. Conclusions: BJW was linked to PTSD symptoms in firefighters through resilience, and the relationship between BJW and PTSD symptoms was influenced by rumination. Therefore, encouraging the development of higher levels of BJW and enhancing resilience may be effective strategies for alleviating PTSD symptoms in firefighters. Rumination did not exert uniformly negative effects in the present study.
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