ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
The role of vocabulary concreteness in modulating embodied semantic representations in learners of Chinese as a foreign language.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Embodied cognition theory posits that semantic representations are instantiated through two primary mechanisms: perceptual-motor simulation and conceptual metaphor. To examine how lexical concreteness influences the embodied representation in learners of Chinese as a second language, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, a spatial-action Stroop paradigm was employed using concrete and abstract verbs as stimuli. The results showed that only concrete verbs automatically elicited a front-back directional motion compatibility effect. In Experiment 2, concrete and abstract emotion words were used within a vertical space-valence compatibility paradigm. The findings revealed that both concrete and abstract emotion words exhibited a vertical spatial compatibility effect. Taken together, these results indicate that for learners of Chinese as a second language, the embodied representations of concrete foreign-language words are more diversified, whereas the embodied representation of abstract words is manifested primarily through spatial conceptual metaphors.
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