Assessment of dietary patterns and macronutrient intake among the adult population of Armenia.

Background: Inadequate dietary intake is one of the crucial contributors to the growing burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases. However, in South Caucasus countries including Armenia, limited evidence exists on individual-level nutrient intake, challenging efforts toward effective nutrition interventions. This study is the first attempt in Armenia to assess dietary habits and macronutrient intakes using an individual-based approach. Methods: The Armenian food composition table by FAO was used to estimate energy and nutrient intake. The analysis covered 124 food items and 40 mixed dishes. Food consumption data were sourced from a nationally representative, individually based database available in Armenia ( Results: Dietary patterns were dominated by bread and flour-based products, which represented the main source of energy and macronutrients in the studied population's diet. The mean total energy intake per day was 1738 kcal. Mean daily intakes of protein, carbohydrates, and total fat were 71.51 g/day, 209.57 g/day, and 69.91 g/day, respectively. These values fall below the recommended levels established by the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Compared to the Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), only a small proportion of respondents met the reference intake ranges for carbohydrates and fats, while 70% met the average requirement for protein. Conclusion: The findings indicate a dietary imbalance and strong reliance on flour-based products, highlighting the need for health policies and interventions to improve dietary diversity in Armenia and the broader Caucasus region.