ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI-ES).
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) has gained increasing attention as a maladaptive pattern of rigid health-oriented eating characterized by cognitive preoccupation, behavioral restriction, and functional impairment. The Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) was developed as a multidimensional instrument to assess orthorexic tendencies; however, further cross-cultural validations are needed to ensure its applicability across different linguistic and cultural contexts. Objective: To translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI-ES) in a general adult population in Spain. Methods: A two-phase validation study was conducted. Phase 1 involved forward-backward translation and expert panel evaluation to assess content validity using Aiken's V coefficient. Phase 2 examined construct validity and reliability in two independent samples (EFA: Results: All items demonstrated adequate content validity (Aiken's V range: 0.71-0.96). EFA supported a three-factor structure-orthorexic behaviors, emotional attitudes toward food, and social/functional impairment-accounting for 41.9% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the adequacy of the three-factor model (CFI = 0.905; TLI = 0.891; RMSEA = 0.066). The ONI-ES showed excellent internal consistency ( Conclusion: The ONI-ES demonstrates solid psychometric properties and replicates the original three-factor structure in a Spanish general population. These findings support its reliability, structural validity, and cross-cultural applicability as a multidimensional measure of orthorexic symptomatology.
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