Metagenomic characterization of infected diabetic foot ulcers in North Africa: microbial diversity, virulome, and resistome profiling.

Muhanad Abdullah Abdulsamad, Sana Bardaa, Mouna Elleuch, Nour El Houda Mathlouthi, Mamdouh Ben Ali

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Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 authors.

Muhanad Abdullah AbdulsamadLaboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

Sana BardaaLaboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

Mouna ElleuchDepartment of Endocrinology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.

Nour El Houda MathlouthiLaboratoire de Recherche Toxicologie Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé (LR17ES06), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

Mamdouh Ben AliLaboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study provides the first shotgun metagenomic characterization of infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) from North Africa. We analyzed two independent datasets with distinct roles: 25 non-infected US DFUs (PRJNA506988) served as an ecological reference cohort to characterize depth-stratified microbial community patterns and pre-infection ARG ecology; 15 infected Libyan DFUs constituted the primary characterization cohort. Metagenomic sequencing, taxonomic classification, resistome and virulome profiling, and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) reconstruction were performed. In the US reference cohort, depth-dependent community shifts were documented: Fusobacteriota predominated in deeper ulcers, while Staphylococcaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were enriched in superficial wounds. Eighty ARGs were detected across depth groups, including

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistancebiofilmdiabetic foot ulcersmicrobiomePseudomonas aeruginosaresistomeshotgun metagenomicswound infection

Identifiers

PMID42245502

DOI10.3389/fmicb.2026.1825173

PMCPMC13230127

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