ArticleVeterinary world2026
Integrative functional and molecular characterization of Bali bull semen and its relationship with reproductive performance.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Bali cattle ( Materials and Methods: Frozen-thawed semen samples were collected from ten Bali bulls maintained at a Regional Artificial Insemination Center. Functional sperm parameters were evaluated using CASA, including total motility, progressive motility, velocity parameters (velocity average path, velocity curved line, and velocity straight line), linearity, straightness, wobble, amplitude of lateral head displacement, and beat cross frequency. Acrosome integrity was assessed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin staining, DNA integrity was evaluated using acridine orange staining, and protamine integrity was determined using chromomycin A3 staining. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test, and multivariate relationships between functional and molecular parameters were examined using CCA. Results: CASA evaluation demonstrated inter-individual variation in semen quality, with total motility ranging from 49.80% to 60.48%. Acrosome integrity remained high across all bulls (85.03-95.59%), while DNA integrity (96.41%-98.55%) and protamine status (90.35%-97.04%) indicated well-preserved chromatin structure. The first canonical function showed a strong correlation between functional and molecular variables (r = 0.906), although the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.134). The canonical plot revealed a consistent positive trend, suggesting coordinated variation between sperm kinematics and chromatin integrity markers. Conclusion: The integrative evaluation of CASA-derived kinematic parameters with molecular sperm quality indicators provides a more comprehensive assessment of Bali bull fertility than conventional semen analysis alone. The strong but non-significant canonical correlation suggests a biologically plausible relationship between sperm motility and chromatin stability. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of combined functional and molecular semen evaluation to improve bull selection, enhance artificial insemination efficiency, and support genetic conservation of Bali cattle. Further studies with larger sample sizes and fertility-validated outcomes are required to confirm these findings.
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