ArticleTransplantation direct2026
CTLA4-Ig + Anti-IL-6/IL-6R Treatment Results in Long-term Allograft Survival and Function in Highly HLA-sensitized Patients.
Article in Transplantation direct, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Highly HLA-sensitized (HS) patients are at increased risk for cell-mediated rejection (CMR)/antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) posttransplant and require intense immunosuppression to prevent these events. HS patients who experience calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) neuro/nephrotoxicity have few options as conversion to CNI-free regimens with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA4)-Ig may risk donor specific antibody (DSA) rebound, CMR, and AMR. This remains an unmet medical need. Anti-interleukin (IL)-6/IL-6R treatment is useful in treating AMR and CMR and preventing rejection in HS patients after transplantation (tx). Here, we examined the utility of combining CTLA4-Ig with anti-IL-6/IL-6R treatment in 4 HS patients with CNI toxicity. Methods: Four HS patients (3 with calculated panel reactive antibodies >97% at tx and 1 who developed chronic-active AMR (c-aAMR) 14 y post-tx were evaluated. Two patients, 100% calculated panel reactive antibody and +flow crossmatch at transplantation, were desensitized with plasma exchange + clazakizumab (anti-IL-6) and maintained on clazakizumab post-tx and transitioned from CNI to CTLA4-Ig. Two patients treated with anti-IL-6R (tocilizumab) were transitioned to CTLA4-Ig at 2 and 11 y post-tx. Patients were monitored for renal function (RF), DSA, de novo DSA (dn-DSA), immune cell subsets, and patient and graft survival. Results: Clazakizumab and tocilizumab treated patients showed improvements in RF, with elimination of existing DSAs, except for 1 patient and no dn-DSAs (>6 y). We also saw reductions in CD8 Conclusions: Combining CTLA4-Ig + anti-IL-6/IL-6R appears to offer benefits in sustaining RF, DSA reduction, possibly immune cell modulation, and prevention of dn-DSA. Importantly, CNI toxicity abated in all patients.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.