Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with Musk hemorrhoid suppository for wound healing and inflammation control in patients with mixed hemorrhoids after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fumigation combined with Musk hemorrhoid suppository for postoperative recovery in patients with mixed hemorrhoids undergoing Milligan-Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy (MMH). Methods: A prospective, stratified randomized controlled study enrolled 160 patients, who were stratified by hemorrhoid grade and randomized into four groups (40 cases each): combined (TCM fumigation + Musk suppository), fumigation alone, suppository alone, and control (1:5,000 potassium permanganate sitz bath). An internal validation cohort (40 cases, 25% of the main trial size) was included to confirm result consistency. The primary endpoint was complete wound epithelialization rate at postoperative day (POD) 14, with secondary endpoints including wound healing time, total effective rate at 4 weeks postoperatively, anal function, serum inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP) and tissue NF-κB p65 protein, complication incidence, and quality of life (GQOL-30). Statistical analyses used Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons to control Type I error ( Results: All groups had balanced baseline characteristics (all Conclusion: The combined TCM regimen safely accelerates postoperative recovery after MMH, reduces inflammation and complications, and improves patient quality of life.