ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Direction-led temporal control and expertise-based load redistribution in 45° cutting: an SPM-based analysis of ankle mechanics.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Rapid change-of-direction movements are essential in basketball and other multidirectional sports and impose substantial mechanical demands on the ankle. However, how cutting direction and athletic level jointly influence ankle-centered biomechanics across the stance phase remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to quantify the direction- and athletic-level-associated differences in lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during 45° cutting and to determine whether between-group effects are expressed primarily in internal joint mechanics rather than external ground reaction forces. Twenty-four healthy males (12 professional basketball athletes and 12 collegiate students) performed 45° lateral cutting (LC) and crossover cutting (CC) at a controlled approach speed (4.0 ± 0.2 m/s). Three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) and ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) were synchronously recorded using motion capture and a force platform. Discrete outcomes were compared using independent-samples t-tests, and time-continuous waveforms were assessed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping with a mixed-design ANOVA (group × task). Cutting direction produced significant stance-phase effects across large portions of stance for ground reaction forces, ankle joint forces, and ankle joint moments, whereas ground reaction force waveforms showed no group × task interactions. Athletic-level differences were task-specific and time-localized. Professional athletes exhibited smaller non-sagittal ankle range of motion (adduction/abduction during LC; internal/external rotation during CC) and greater ankle plantarflexion moments. Significant group × task interactions were observed in frontal- and transverse-plane ankle kinematics, and the ankle adduction/abduction moment differed between groups only during CC within restricted stance intervals. These findings indicate that 45° cutting biomechanics are predominantly direction-dependent, whereas athletic level influences phase-specific modulation of ankle motion and joint moments. Athletic-level effects were primarily expressed in internal joint mechanics rather than external ground reaction forces. This information may support more targeted biomechanical assessment and training strategies for multidirectional sports.
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