ArticleGhana medical journal2026
Agreement and diagnostic accuracy of noncycloplegic retinoscopy, subjective and autorefraction in a young adult Ghanaian population.
Article in Ghana medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To determine the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of retinoscopy, subjective and autorefraction among young adults in a sampled Ghanaian population. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional design. Setting: Optometry Department of Bishop Ackom Memorial Christian Eye Centre, Cape Coast, Ghana. Participants: Refractive error data were obtained from 100 adults aged 18-35 years (200 eyes)using autorefraction, retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Main outcome measures: Spherical equivalent, J Results: The mean age was 23.38 ± 4.39 years, 61% females. This study used Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation to compare refractive techniques. For spherical equivalents, retinoscopy and subjective refraction yielded high agreement (ICC=0.9), and autorefraction and subjective refraction exhibited significant agreement (ICC=0.8, p < 0.001). Retinoscopy and subjective refraction showed a significant correlation (ICC = 0.81, p < 0.001). Similarly, autorefraction and subjective refraction for J Conclusion: In young adults, retinoscopy shows strong agreement with subjective refraction, demonstrating its consistency in evaluating spherical equivalents and the J Funding: None declared.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.