Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42244880›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Developmental age and clinical illness drive

Michelle Chenghuazou Wang, Victoria A Sealey, Mehzabin Rahman, Malaika Ngugama, Amarine Trolat, Leanne Wybenga-Groot, Michael F Moran, Jean Dinh, Tamorah Rae Lewis

Abstract read
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Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Michelle Chenghuazou WangDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Victoria A SealeyDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mehzabin RahmanDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Malaika NgugamaDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Amarine TrolatSPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Leanne Wybenga-GrootSPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Michael F MoranSPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jean DinhCertara UK Limited, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Tamorah Rae LewisDivision of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Caffeine is the standard therapy for apnea of prematurity and used near-universally in preterm infants. Interindividual variability in clearance, exposure, and clinical responses persists in neonates. CYP1A2 is the primary enzyme responsible for caffeine metabolism in adults, but the enzyme activity in neonates has historically been considered negligible. Methods: Scavenged plasma samples from neonates receiving caffeine therapy in a neonatal intensive care unit were analyzed to quantify caffeine and paraxanthine concentrations. The caffeine metabolic ratio (CMR) was used as a functional biomarker of Results: Thirty-one neonates (186 plasma samples) were recruited for this study. Paraxanthine was detectable in all samples, demonstrating measurable CYP1A2 activity. CMR increased with postmenstrual age even after adjusting for clinical covariates ( Conclusion: These findings provide the first

Indexed as

CYP1A2cytochrome P450drug metabolismneonate - ageontogenypharmacokineticsphysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelingpreterm infant

Identifiers

PMID42244880
PMCPMC13229812

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.