Observational studyInternational journal of paediatric dentistry2026
Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Mixed Feeding With Craniofacial Growth in Infants Aged 0-6 Months: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.
Observational study in International journal of paediatric dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFurther studies are needed to better characterize the association between craniofacial growth and feeding methods in infants aged 0-6 months.
objectiveTo evaluate the longitudinal association between feeding modality (exclusive breastfeeding versus mixed feeding) and craniofacial growth in infants aged 0-6 months. STUDY
designObservational, analytical, longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS: A total of 120 infants were evaluated four times. OUTCOME MEASURES: Nine craniofacial variables were assessed: four width, two height, and three depth measurements. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Growth increments were estimated by feeding type, and linear mixed models were used to assess associations with craniofacial development.
resultsExclusively breastfed infants showed greater increases in anthropometric and craniofacial measures compared with mixed feeding. Significant differences were observed in total craniofacial height (3.50 ± 0.08 vs. 3.25 ± 0.01 cm; p = 0.046), anterior facial height (2.08 ± 0.40 vs. 1.76 ± 0.07 cm; p = 0.016), maxillary depth (2.33 ± 0.04 vs. 2.21 ± 0.11 cm; p = 0.007), and mandibular depth (2.55 ± 0.02 vs. 2.41 ± 0.12 cm; p = 0.040).
conclusionExclusive breastfeeding was associated with greater craniofacial growth from 0 to 6 months compared with mixed feeding, supporting its role in early craniofacial development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.