Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42243905›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

Tea-derived natural nanodrug simultaneously enables real-time fluorescent tracking and noninvasive treatment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Lulu Qian, Mingyue Cui, Menglin Wu, Bin Song, Pengcheng Wang, Minke Wu, Tongyu He, Baochuan Zhang, Yao He

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lulu Qian *Macao Translational Medicine Center, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
Mingyue Cui *Macao Translational Medicine Center, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China. mingyuecui@suda.edu.cn.
Menglin Wu *Macao Translational Medicine Center, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
Bin SongSuzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Pengcheng WangSuzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Minke WuSuzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Tongyu HeSuzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Baochuan ZhangSuzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Yao HeMacao Translational Medicine Center, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China. yaohe@suda.edu.cn.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M742532 and 2024T170625Macau University of Science and Technology Foundation 0002/2022/AKP, 0115/2023/RIA2National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFB3208202National Natural Science Foundation of China 22393932National Natural Science Foundation of China 22504095Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20240766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroinflammation and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity are key drivers of synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, chemically synthesized small-molecule drugs (e.g., memantine) often cause potential dose-dependent neurotoxicity, limited inflammation-targeting capability, and rapid systemic clearance, resulting in suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Here, we introduce a tea-derived multifunctional natural nanodrug that enables real time fluorescence tracking and noninvasive treatment of neuroinflammation in AD. The natural nanodrug is derived from Pu-erh tea leaves, formulated with memantine and biomimetic vesicles for intranasal nebulized delivery. The tea-derived biomimetic nanodrug features intrinsic fluorescence, enabling real-time tracking at both cellular and tissue levels, with preferential colocalization in activated microglia and selective accumulation in neuroinflammatory brain regions. Remarkably, under matched nebulization conditions and nominal memantine loading, the tea-derived natural nanodrug shows an improved safety and efficacy relative to free memantine, significantly improving behavioral outcomes and reducing hippocampal damage. This noninvasive strategy enables efficient brain targeting and markedly restores hippocampal structure and cognitive performance in AD mouse models. Together, our study suggests new avenues and exciting opportunities for developing natural nanodrugs for noninvasively and precisely treating brain diseases including but not limited to AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseMemantineNanoparticlesNeuroinflammatory DiseasesTeaAnimalsBrainDisease Models, AnimalHippocampusHumansMaleMiceMicrogliaMemantineTeaAlzheimer’s diseaseFluorescence trackingIntranasal deliveryNeuroinflammationTea-derived nanodrug

Identifiers

PMID42243905
PMCPMC13455410

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.