ArticleJournal of medical case reports2026
Spontaneous vesicovaginal fistula in a retroviral positive multiparous woman: a case report.
Article in Journal of medical case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a major cause of morbidity with severe socio-economic consequences affecting the quality of life of women and their families. Prolonged obstructed labour remains the leading cause of VVF in sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asia. However, in rare cases VVF can occur spontaneously without an identifiable cause. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report we describe a case of spontaneous simple VVF measuring 2 × 2 cm in the lower third of the anterior vaginal wall in a 47-year-old Nigerian woman who is HIV-positive and on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). She has a history of three previous uncomplicated caesarean sections. Leakage of urine was noticed 13 months prior to presentation and at that time, her viral load was high with a low CD4 count. She was evaluated and had vaginal repair of the fistula.
conclusionsThis report suggests the possibility of a potential association between chronic immunosuppression and fistula formation. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to consider the possibility of spontaneous fistula formation in HIV-positive patients, especially in the absence of more common causes.
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