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ArticleMycopathologia2026

Predominance of Fonsecaea nubica in Chromoblastomycosis: A Single-Centre Study from Southern India.

Jyothi Nair, Nimmy Paul, Nirmal Babu, Kidangazhiathmana Ajithkumar, Haseen Ahmad, Harsimran Kaur, Supriya Sahu, Diptanu Paul, Madhuchhanda Das, Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy and 1 more

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Article in Mycopathologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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11 authors.

Jyothi Nair *Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Nimmy Paul *Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Nirmal BabuDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Kidangazhiathmana AjithkumarDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Haseen AhmadDepartment of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
Harsimran KaurDepartment of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
Supriya SahuAdvanced Molecular and Diagnostics Research Centre for Fungi, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Diptanu PaulAdvanced Molecular and Diagnostics Research Centre for Fungi, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India.
Madhuchhanda DasICMR, New Delhi, India.
Shivaprakash M RudramurthyDepartment of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
Vinaykumar HallurAdvanced Molecular and Diagnostics Research Centre for Fungi, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India. vinay118@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1001-7717

Funding

Indian Council of Medical Research Myco/9/3/2021-ECD-II
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionChromoblastomycosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by melanized fungi that predominantly affects agricultural workers in endemic areas. This single-centre study from Kerala, South India, identified Fonsecaea nubica as the predominant Fonsecaea species among cultured isolates. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe conducted a prospective study of 70 suspected cases in the state of Kerala, India, from November 2022 to May 2024. Sixteen cases were confirmed or probable based on predefined criteria. Molecular identity of isolates was confirmed using ITS and CDC42 gene sequencing. Clinical, histopathological, microbiological, treatment, and outcome data were prospectively collected over a one-year follow-up period.

resultsOf the 16 confirmed or probable cases, nine isolates were cultured: six Fonsecaea isolates identified as F. nubica by CDC42 phylogeny (100% Fonsecaea isolates, 66.7% of cultured isolates) and three non-Fonsecaea isolates (Medicopsis romeroi, Cladosporium spp., and Lasiodiplodia spp.) identified by ITS/morphology. All cases originated from the Kottayam and Idukki districts, with 13/16 (81.3%) being male and 11/16 (68.8%) agricultural workers. Lesions predominantly affected the lower extremities (56.3%), with verrucous lesions being the most common (43.8%). All patients received itraconazole therapy, with 14/16 (87.5%) achieving clinical cure. DISCUSSION: These findings underscore the importance of molecular diagnostics in accurately characterizing the epidemiology of chromoblastomycosis in endemic regions. The emergence of F. nubica has implications for its clinical management, diagnosis, and surveillance. The study contributes valuable data to the limited molecular epidemiological literature from India and supports ongoing efforts to improve chromoblastomycosis surveillance and management in resource-limited settings.

Indexed as

AscomycotaChromoblastomycosisFonsecaeaAdultAntifungal AgentsDNA, FungalDNA, Ribosomal SpacerFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedPhylogenyProspective StudiesSequence Analysis, DNAAntifungal AgentsDNA, FungalDNA, Ribosomal SpacerAscomycota*/geneticsChromoblastomycosisFonsecaeaIndia

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