Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42243452›Full record

ArticleAMB Express2026

Microbial diversity and its links to retinol pathways and aroma compounds in ethnic fermented rice beverages of Assam.

Rohit Das, Madhu Chandana Medhi, Buddhiman Tamang

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In one paragraph

Article in AMB Express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rohit DasDepartment of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-095X
Madhu Chandana MedhiDepartment of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1829-7372
Buddhiman TamangDepartment of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India. bmtamang3@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-2129

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traditional fermented rice beverages are produced through complex microbial fermentation processes that influence their physicochemical characteristics and metabolite composition. In this study, metagenomic sequencing and GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics were integrated to characterize four indigenous rice beverages: Black Rohi Modh (BR), Rohi Modh (RH), Jou Bidwi (JOU), and Sai Mod (SM). All beverages were mildly acidic, with pH values ranging from 4.1 to 4.5 and titratable acidity between 0.58 and 0.72% lactic acid. Ethanol content varied among samples, with BR showing the highest concentration (8.13% v/v), followed by JOU and RH (approximately 5.5% v/v), while SM exhibited the lowest level (4.28% v/v). Antioxidant activity differed across beverages, with RH and BR demonstrating higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and SM showing the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (96.93 µmol/mL). Metagenomic analysis generated 57.69 Mb of assembled sequences, identifying 48 microbial phyla and 1,785 species, with Eukarya accounting for 66.12% of the total community. Ascomycota predominated in BR and JOU, whereas Bacillota was more abundant in RH. The genus Saccharomyces was consistently dominant across samples. Functional annotation indicated enrichment in metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes associated with ethanol biosynthesis and retinol metabolism pathways, reflecting microbial metabolic potential rather than direct vitamin production. Metabolomic profiling identified 113-167 metabolites per beverage, with 93 compounds shared among all samples. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and short-chain fatty acids (ρ = 0.62-0.71, FDR < 0.05), indicating a strong positive relationship between microbial abundance and metabolite production.

Indexed as

Aroma compoundsGC–MS/MS metabolomicsMicrobial diversityShotgun metagenomicsTraditional rice beverage

Identifiers

PMID42243452
PMCPMC13550340

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.