ArticleScientific reports2026
BMI-adiposity discrepancy across weight categories in primary school children: a prospective school-based cohort study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The BMI-for-age z score (BAZ) is widely used to assess adiposity in children; however, whether standardized BMI consistently reflects body fatness across the BMI spectrum remains uncertain. In this prospective school-based cohort study in Chiayi, Taiwan (October 2014-May 2025), we enrolled 3,293 primary school children aged 6-12 years with up to 12 repeated body composition measurements per participant (17,339 total observations) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). BAZ was strongly correlated with BIA-derived percent body fat (PBF) at baseline (Pearson r = 0.895; P < 0.001). However, discrepancy magnitude differed significantly across BMI categories (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.001), with the smallest discrepancy in normal-weight children and greater discrepancies at both extremes. Longitudinal mixed-effects models showed that age (β = 0.367% points per year; 95%CI, 0.325-0.409; P < 0.001) and female sex (β = 2.608% points; 95%CI, 2.364-2.852; P < 0.001) were independently associated with higher PBF after adjustment for BAZ (β = 6.058; 95%CI, 5.994-6.122; P < 0.001), based on the primary model with random intercepts and random slope for age. These findings indicate that BAZ captures population-level adiposity variation, but its agreement with individual body fatness varies across the BMI spectrum.
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