ArticleNature communications2026
Craton-margin lithosphere drives rare earth element ore-forming carbonatite magmatism.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The majority of light rare earth element (LREE) resources are derived from carbonatite-associated deposits at cratonic margins. However, the origin of ore-forming carbonatite magmas remains unclear. Here, we conducted high pressure-temperature experiments to investigate LREE behavior during carbonate-rich sediment recycling. Results show that, during subduction, the calcic carbonates progressively concentrate LREE, becoming the principal LREE carriers and, upon melting at higher pressures, generate LREE-rich melts. As the melts ascend through cratonic lithospheric mantle, precipitation of extremely LREE-poor magnesite induces further enrichment, producing melts with LREE concentrations up to 156 times those of sedimentary carbonates. These melts are comparable to natural ore-forming carbonatites, highlighting that craton-margin lithosphere drives LREE ore-forming carbonatite magmatism. Our global compilation shows that LREE concentrations in carbonatites positively correlate with the associated deposit tonnage, suggesting that ore-forming carbonatites fundamentally control the deposit reserve magnitude. These findings provide a unified framework for the formation and global distribution of carbonatite-hosted deposits at cratonic margins.
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