Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42242859›Full record

ArticleAsia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition2026

The association between family economic status and nutrient intake among preschool children attending nursery schools in Japan.

Atsuki Sakai, Katsushi Yoshita, Takako Takahashi, Tetsuko Okabe, Ruriko Sasaki, Hiromi Ishida, Hiromitsu Ogata, Aya Abe, Mitsuhiko Hara, Yukiko Yoshioka and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Atsuki SakaiDepartment of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan. Email: sy23218p@st.omu.ac.jp.
Katsushi YoshitaDepartment of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
Takako TakahashiDepartment of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
Tetsuko OkabeDepartment of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Hokkaido, Japan.
Ruriko SasakiDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Miyagi, Japan.
Hiromi IshidaDepartment of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan.
Hiromitsu OgataDepartment of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan.
Aya AbeDepartment of Human and Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
Mitsuhiko HaraDepartment of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Wayo Women's University, Chiba, Japan.
Yukiko YoshiokaDepartment of Nutritional Management, Faculty of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Miho NozueDepartment of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan.
Tatsuaki SakamotoDepartment of Food & Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
Sanae ItoDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Nobuko MurayamaDepartment of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan.

Funding

Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare, Japan 19DA200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesThis cross-sectional study investigated the association between equivalent income and energy and nutrient intake among nursery school children. METHODS AND STUDY

designA total of 761 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years participated. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using four-day food records consisting of two non-consecutive weekdays and two non-consecutive weekend days, collected between October and December in 2019 and 2020. Equivalent income was calculated by dividing household income by the square root of the number of household members. Nutrient inadequacy was evaluated using the DRIs for Japanese (2020). Analysis of covariance was used to compare intakes among equivalent income groups, and χ2 tests were used to compare the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy. Analyses were conducted separately by sex, with significance set at p <0.05.

resultsChildren in the low equivalent income group had a lower percentage of energy from protein, a higher percentage from carbohydrates, and lower intakes of several nutrients. Evaluations based on the DRIs showed higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy including vitamin A, calcium and iron in the low equivalent income group.

conclusionsThese findings suggest a significant association between household economic status and dietary intake among preschool children in Japanese nursery schools. Collaboration among families, dietitians and local governments is essential to promote healthy eating habits in early childhood.

Indexed as

DietNutrientsSchools, NurseryChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansIncomeJapanMaleNutritional StatusSocioeconomic FactorsDRIs for Japaneseequivalent incomenursery schoolnutrient intakespreschool children

Identifiers

PMID42242859
PMCPMC13236444

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.