ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2026
Applying spirometry phenotypes to a longitudinal cohort born very preterm.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo better characterise prematurity-associated lung disease, adult spirometry phenotype classifications (obstructive lung disease, preserved ratio impaired spirometry and dysanapsis) have been applied to children born preterm. It is unknown how these phenotypes track over time.
aimApply spirometry phenotype classifications to a longitudinal cohort born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation) and track changes in classifications from early childhood to adolescence.
methodsThis retrospective longitudinal cohort study included children born very preterm in Western Australia between 1997 and 2003, followed up between 2007 and 2022. Spirometry testing and a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire were completed at early childhood (4-8 years), middle childhood (9-12 years) and adolescence (16-23 years). Spirometry phenotype classifications were applied to each participant with acceptable spirometry at each time point.
results200 participants completed 311 acceptable spirometry measurements. Abnormal spirometry phenotypes were observed in 29% of participants at early childhood, 41% at middle childhood and 43% at adolescence. Of those with spirometry measurements across at least two time points, 36% changed phenotypes (e.g. from normal to abnormal, from abnormal to normal or changed between the abnormal groups). Many of those that changed phenotype classification had a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
conclusionIt remains unclear whether changes in phenotype reflects the biological variability of the measure or disease progression. The instability of adult spirometry classifications across serial spirometry measurements suggests this approach does not adequately capture the complexity of prematurity-associated lung disease during the growth period.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.